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      Android 6.0 权限笔记
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        <p>Android6.0权限笔记  </p>
<p>Android开发团队在6.0系统引用了运行时权限的功能,能更好的保护用户的安全和隐私.    </p>
<span id="more"></span>   

<p>对开发者来说,问题也就来了:       </p>
<p>1 这种运行时权限如何使用    </p>
<p>2 对低于6.0系统的软件造成什么影响    </p>
<p>3 在 Github 上关于权限的封装库推荐   </p>
<p>4 不想用运行时权限,还想用之前的默认权限,怎么做   </p>
<hr>
<p>下面是关于权限的笔记,可能会比较乱     </p>
<h4 id="一-当手机低于6-0系统"><a href="#一-当手机低于6-0系统" class="headerlink" title="一 当手机低于6.0系统"></a>一 当手机低于6.0系统</h4><p>使用某个权限时(比如:拍照,定位等等),直接在清单文件中配置即可      </p>
<pre><code>&lt;manifest xmlns:android=&quot;http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android&quot;
          package=&quot;com.wxyaass.homepermission&quot;&gt;

    &lt;uses-permission android:name=&quot;android.permission.INTERNET&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;uses-permission android:name=&quot;android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;uses-permission android:name=&quot;android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION&quot; /&gt;

    ...

&lt;/manifest&gt;  
</code></pre>
<p>当应用在手机安装成功,则表示这些权限都申请成功了.    </p>
<h4 id="二-Android-6-0-权限分类"><a href="#二-Android-6-0-权限分类" class="headerlink" title="二 Android 6.0 权限分类"></a>二 Android 6.0 权限分类</h4><p>1 普通权限: 用法不变,还是在清单文件中注册即可,  </p>
<p>2 危险权限: 除了在清单文件中注册,还要做另外的处理,下面讲.   </p>
<p>3 特别权限: 很少用,不做介绍  </p>
<p>Android中有上百种权限,我们如何区分哪些是普通权限,哪些是危险权限呢? 很简单,下面列出9组24个危险权限,除此之外的就都是普通权限.   </p>
<pre><code class="java">CONTACTS（联系人）  
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
  permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
  permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS

PHONE（手机）  
  permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
  permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
  permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
  permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
  permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
  permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL

CALENDAR（日历）   
  permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR

CAMERA（相机）  
  permission:android.permission.CAMERA

SENSORS（传感器）  
  permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS

LOCATION（位置）   
  permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
  permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

STORAGE（存储卡）  
  permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

MICROPHONE（麦克风）  
  permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO

SMS（短信）  
  permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
  permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
  permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS   
</code></pre>
<h4 id="三-以打电话为例-对运行时权限做解析"><a href="#三-以打电话为例-对运行时权限做解析" class="headerlink" title="三 以打电话为例,对运行时权限做解析"></a>三 以打电话为例,对运行时权限做解析</h4><p>因为拨打电话会涉及到用户手机资费问题,因而 CALL_PHONE 这个权限被列为危险权限. 在Android 6.0 系统出现之前, 拨打电话的实现其实非常简单.</p>
<p>只需在清单文件中注册该权限即可.  </p>
<pre><code>&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;utf-8&quot;?&gt;
&lt;manifest xmlns:android=&quot;http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android&quot;
          package=&quot;com.wxyaass.homepermission&quot;&gt;

    &lt;uses-permission android:name=&quot;android.permission.CALL_PHONE&quot; /&gt;

    &lt;application
       ...
    &lt;/application&gt;

&lt;/manifest&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>可在MainActivity中触发拨打电话的逻辑来测试权限是否申请成功.  </p>
<pre><code>Button makeCall = (Button)findViewById(R.id.call);
makeCall.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() &#123;
    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) &#123;
        try&#123;
            Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
            intent.setData(Uri.parse(&quot;tel:10086&quot;));
            startActivity(intent);
        &#125;catch (Exception e)&#123;
            e.printStackTrace();
        &#125;
    &#125;
&#125;);
</code></pre>
<p>这样我们就将拨打电话的功能成功实现了,并且在<font color="#FF0000">低于Android 6.0 系统的手机</font>都是可以<font color="#FF0000">正常运行</font>的. </p>
<p>但是如果我们在<font color="#FF0000">6.0 或者更高版本系统的手机</font>上运行,点击按钮就<font color="#FF0000">没有任何效果</font>,观察日志:  </p>
<p><img src="http://images.wxyass.com/wxyass/images/20170730175245.png"></p>
<p>错误信息中提醒我们”Permission Denial”, 可以看出,是由于权限被禁止导致的, 因为 6.0 及以上系统在使用危险权限时都必须进行运行时权限处理.  </p>
<p>下面我们尝试修复这个问题, 修改 MainActivity 中的代码:    </p>
<pre><code>public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity &#123;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) &#123;
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button makeCall = (Button)findViewById(R.id.call);
        makeCall.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() &#123;
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) &#123;
                if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.
                        permission.CALL_PHONE)!=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)&#123;
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,new
                            String[]&#123;Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE&#125;,1);
                &#125;else&#123;
                    call();;
                &#125;
            &#125;
        &#125;);
    &#125;

    private void call()&#123;
        try&#123;
            Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
            intent.setData(Uri.parse(&quot;tel:10086&quot;));
            startActivity(intent);
        &#125;catch (Exception e)&#123;
            e.printStackTrace();
        &#125;
    &#125;

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) &#123;
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        switch (requestCode)&#123;
            case 1:
                if(grantResults.length&gt;0 &amp;&amp; grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)&#123;
                    call();
                &#125;else&#123;
                    Toast.makeText(this,&quot;你拒绝了拨打电话权限&quot;,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                &#125;
                break;
            default:
                break;
        &#125;
    &#125;
&#125;
</code></pre>
<p>第一步就是要先判断用户是不是已经给过我们授权了,<br>借助的是 ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission() 方法. checkSelfPermission() 接收两个参数,第一个参数是Context,第二个参数是具体的权限名,比如打电话的权限名就是 Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE,<br>然后我们使用方法的返回值和 PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED 做比较,想等就说明用户已经授权,不等就表示用户没有授权.       </p>
<p>如果已经授权的话就简单了, 直接去执行拨打电话的逻辑操作就可以了, 如果没有授权的话, 则需要调用此方法的调用 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions() 方法来向用户申请授权,  requestPermissions() 方法接收3个参数, 第一个参数要求是 Activity 的实例, 第二个参数是一个 String 数组, 我们把要申请的权限名放在数组中即可, 第三个参数是请求码, 只要是唯一值就可以了, 这里传入了1.    </p>
<p>调用完  requestPermissions() 方法之后 , 系统会弹出一个权限申请的对话框, 然后用户可以选择同意或拒绝我们的权限申请, 不论哪种结果, 最终都会回调到 onRequestPermissionsResult() 方法中, 而授权的结果会封装到 grantResults 参数当中. 这里我们只需要判断一下最后的授权结果, 如果用户同意的话就调用 call() 方法来拨打电话, 如果用户拒绝的话我们只能放弃操作, 并且弹出一条失败提示.    </p>
<p>当对话框出现时, 用户选择了拒绝授权, 当再次点击按钮, 仍旧会弹出权限申请的对话框.    </p>
<p>当用户同意授权,我们就成功进入拨打电话的界面, 之后再次点击按钮就不会再弹出权限申请的对话框了.    </p>
<h4 id="四-关于权限库的推荐"><a href="#四-关于权限库的推荐" class="headerlink" title="四 关于权限库的推荐"></a>四 关于权限库的推荐</h4><p>RxPermissions<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/tbruyelle/RxPermissions">https://github.com/tbruyelle/RxPermissions</a><br>MPermissions<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/hongyangAndroid/MPermissions">https://github.com/hongyangAndroid/MPermissions</a><br>PermissionGen<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/lovedise/PermissionGen">https://github.com/lovedise/PermissionGen</a>    </p>
<h4 id="五-自己封装的权限的例子-简单不花哨"><a href="#五-自己封装的权限的例子-简单不花哨" class="headerlink" title="五 自己封装的权限的例子,简单不花哨"></a>五 自己封装的权限的例子,简单不花哨</h4><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://oss.wxyass.com/wxyass/demo/MPermissions-master.rar">例子下载</a><br>将例子分别跑到4.0和6.0的手机上,会发现明显不同  </p>
<p>博客参考:<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/50709663">http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/50709663</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://blog.csdn.net/li15225271052/article/details/71076350">http://blog.csdn.net/li15225271052/article/details/71076350</a>   </p>

      
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